中国马铃薯上几种纽带亚科线虫记述(Ⅱ)

2001~2004年,对中国16个省(直辖市、自治区)部分地区的马铃薯线虫进行了采样调查,并分离鉴定出7个纽带亚科线虫,其中6个是马铃薯上的新记录种。笔者对其中4个种:松树拟盘旋线虫(Pararotylen-chus piniMamiya,1968)、假强壮螺旋线虫[Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus(Steiner,1914)Golden,1956]、双宫螺旋线虫[H.dihystera(Cobb,1890)Sher,1961]和明茨螺旋线虫(H.minziSher,1966)的形态进行了描述。     

庐山自然保护区秋色叶树种观赏特性及其园林造景应用

介绍庐山保护区秋色叶树种观赏特性,从造景的角度,探讨秋色叶树种在园林中的应用,并提出开发对策。     

树形结构对果树生产能力的影响分析

果树树形与结构是影响果树产量的重要因素,笔者结合国内外的研究状况,综述了不同树形结构对光能利用率、营养与生殖、抗逆性、产量品质、实际生产的影响,指出适宜的栽植密度、合理的树形结构是保证果园光照良好,产量和品质提高的重要措施。     

From shallow to deep waters: habitats used by larval lampreys (genus Petromyzon and Lampetra) over a western European basin

Abstract –  Habitat requirements of lamprey ammocoetes (Petromyzon marinus and Lampetra genus) were investigated, for the first time, from shallow to deep waters, at different spatial scales across the Gironde‐Dordogne continuum, thanks to a water suction dredge. Fish‐habitat relationships were assessed through two complementary statistical analyses: habitat‐use curves and habitat suitability models using the Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) technique. Analyses were performed on a small‐size data set that was characterised by the low prevalence of lamprey. The sea lamprey larvae occurred in deeper areas than their Lampetra genus counterparts. ‘Pools’ of 2 m’ depth and more were optimal habitats for the former species. Among the environmental variables retained to model lamprey occurrences, the mesohabitat (a categorical variable) was demonstrated to be highly influential, in terms of fine grain‐size substratum and vegetation cover. These preliminary results suggest that monitoring using the water suction dredge method may contribute to sea lamprey conservation.     

Needle Collection Time for Nutrient Evaluation in Christmas Tree Production

Christmas tree needle sampling to evaluate nutrient need is an established practice. Data to support the recommended fall sampling time in Oregon and Washington were not found. In addition, the recommendation for needle sampling of Fraser fir in North Carolina was made without data from winter months. The goal for this article is to affirm or modify recommended needle sampling time. Needles of Douglas fir, Turkish fir, Nordmann fir, Noble fir, Grand fir, and Fraser fir Christmas trees were collected monthly for a year, dried, and analyzed for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and boron (B). No single period was found for any species when needle nutrient concentration was stable for all elements determined. Needle collection time was chosen by integrating cultural practices, likelihood of nutrient deficiency, and needle nutrient concentration changes for species grown in an area. Needle collection is recommended during February in western Oregon and Washington. The current sampling time, fall, is logical for Fraser fir Christmas tree production in North Carolina.     

Weed populations and pathogens

Plant:pathogen systems are complex, highly spatial and fluctuate considerably. The dynamics of their individual populations depends on factors such as their patchiness, shapes and scales of dispersal distributions, genetic polymorphism and their responses to their biotic and abiotic environments. We review knowledge of these population properties in the context of weed management and biological control and discuss their likely influence on the population dynamics of pathogens.     

Occurrence of a new leaf spot disease ofMusa sp. incited byThanatephorus cucumeris

A new leaf spot disease of banana(Musa sp.) cv. ‘Rasthali’ (syn. Silk) was observed in Tamil Nadu, in 1987. The causal organism was isolated in pure culture and identified asRhizoctonia solarii Kühn. The teleomorphic stage,Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk, has also been induced artificially. This is the first record of this pathogen causing leaf spot disease onMusa sp. The pathogenicity of basidiospores on several other important crops was also tested.     

豚草条纹叶(虫甲)(鞘翅目:叶(虫甲)科)的寄主专一性测定

1987年从苏联、加拿大引进原产北美的豚草天敌—豚草条纹叶(虫甲),在室内用具有代表性的23科72种主要经济作物、粮食作物、观赏植物及与豚草近缘或形态上相似的植物,进行了食性测定。结果表明,豚草条纹叶(虫甲)食性专一,仅取食豚草,不取食其它任何供试植物,在我国可以安全利用。在饥饿条件下,一龄幼虫的耐饥能力为3.1天,雌、雄成虫的耐饥能力分别为14和10.2天。     

墨兰黑斑病的研究

墨兰黑斑病在广州地区为害严重,每年于12月中旬开始出现新病斑,翌年2—3月阴雨连绵时为发病高峰期;种植在闭风闷热及受阳光直射的环境下,病害更重。其病原鉴定为蝴蝶兰柱盘孢(Cylindrosporium phalaenopsidis Sawada),刺伤接种可为害8种兰科植物。在墨兰的生产中,加强管理,及时剪除清理病叶:在广州结合12月至翌年3月发病前喷1％波尔多液预防,发病后喷40％灭病威600倍液2—3次,对该病有较好的防治效果。     

山西烟粉虱寄主植物及其被害程度调查

连续3年对山西省烟粉虱的寄主植物进行调查、鉴定,并根据寄主植物上烟粉虱的种群数量将其危害程度划分为4个等级。调查结果:山西省现有烟粉虱寄主植物27科103种(变种),其中葫芦科、十字花科、茄科和豆科等被害较为严重。全省以晋南地区受害最重,寄主种类较多。